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Preface to the 1st Edition vii Preface to the 2nd Edition viii Introduction to the 2nd Edition xi PART 1 The Legacy of the Ancient World 1 Plato and Aristotle 3 2 The Later Platonists and Plotinus 15 3 St Augustine 29 4 Boethius and Dionysius 46 5 Education in the Ancient World 53 PART 2 The Renaissance of the 11th and 12th Centuries 6 The Rebirth of the Schools 65 7 The Awakening of Western Europe 72 8 The Revival of Dialectic: Berengar, Lanfranc and Anselm 85 9 The Question of Universals 98 10 Peter Abelard 106 11 The School of Chartres and John of Salisbury 120 12 The School of St Victor and St Bernard 129 PART 3 The New Universities-The Rediscovery of Aristotle 13 The Origins of the Universities 139 14 Studies, Degrees and Textbooks 156 15 The Rediscovery of Aristotle 167 16 Arabian and Jewish Philosophy 175 17 The Problems of the Soul and the Process of Cognition 187 PART 4 The Achievement of the 13th Century 18 The Philosophical Revolution of the 13th Century 201 19 The Franciscan School at Paris 213 20 Albert the Great 226 21 St Thomas Aquinas 231 22 Siger of Brabant and the Faculty of Arts 244 23 England in the 13th Century 252 PART 5 The Breakdown of the Medieval Synthesis 24 The Aftermath of Aristotle 265 25 Henry of Ghent and Duns Scotus 274 26 The Breakdown of the Synthesis 283 27 William of Ockham 290 28 The Harvest of Nominalism 298 Epilogue 307 Suggestions for Further Reading 311 Index